Long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis (Primate: Cercopithecidae): human-monkey behavioural interaction in Botanical Gardens Penang, Malaysia

The interaction between long-tailed monkey, Macaca fascicularis Raffles (Primate: Cercopithecidae) and human, Homo sapiens Linnaeus has been increased in last fe w decades due to the tremendous increase in the pop ulations of both species in Botanical Gardens Penang (BGP), Malaysia. They w ere interrelated in their environment; therefore, M. fascicularis has been disturbed due to human act ivities. In turn, M. fascicularis re-emerged with a n effective and high-level reaction to human population. The presen t research was conducted to observe the interaction between M. fascicularis and H. sapiens by using scan sampling method in BGP, Malaysia during March 2012-February 2013. Their behavioural interactions were found significa nt (p<0.001) with all aspects. However, the highest behaviour of M. fascicularis was attacking (2.2±0.9) and the low est was vocalization (0.2±0.4) compared with its al l activities (X 2 =1832.9; p<0.001; n=215), moreover, the highest beh aviour of H. sapiens was giving food (2.16±0.8) and the lowest was hand clapping (0.2±0.4) compared with al l activities (X 2 =927.6; p<0.001; n=119). The attacking behaviour of M. fascicularis was positively correla ted with feeding, eating, grooming and snatching, h owever, it was negatively correlated with running, vocalizatio n, playing and exploiting garbage. From the human a the feeding was positively correlated with throwing food, confliction and going close, however, it was negatively correlated with gesture, running, hand clapping and playing. It was concluded that the behaviour of M. fascicularis was insecure in BGP where both were coexisted. The management of respective locales were recommended t o