Reproductive Capacity of Mangalica pigs – What is the Reality?

History of Mangalica pig is dated back to the first half of 19th century, however some former information is available of Mangalica ancestors in the 18th century. This fatty pig breed attained its’ typical characteristics till the last quarter of 19th century and these features are still existing. Since Mangalica pigs were nearly extinguished after 1950’s the relevant scientific and practical knowledge also stepwise reduced. In the present overview we compare in detail the ancient and modern information on Mangalica reproduction. First estrous of Mangalica gilts was described at around age of 10 to 11 month. Actually, Mangalica gilts can come in heat as early as 7 to 8 months of age and, therefore can have their first farrowing at 11 to 12 months of age. It was reported that several dam lines had quite high litter-size (8-9 piglets) at the beginning of 20th century, however due to different selection scheme these lines disappeared. Fortunately, nowadays we can identify again such more prolific sows. Throughout comparison of old and modern knowledge of Mangalica reproductive biology we should conclude that respectful incorporation of valuable ancient knowledge has same importance as the newest data collected by the most sophisticated instrumentation and methods. Synthesis of them is necessary for the preservation of original genetic value and the market oriented production.