Interpreting common hydration biomarkers on the basis of solute and water excretion

and CX Mun˜ozBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This investigation evaluated 12 hydration biomarkers, to determine which represent 24-hwhole-body water balance (that is, measured as water retention or clearance (WR-C) by the kidneys).SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy males (n¼59; body mass, 75.1±7.9kg; height, 178±6cm; age, 22±3 years; body mass index,23.9±2.4kg/m