What is spirituality? Evidence from a New Zealand hospice study

Abstract Spirituality is increasingly understood to be important in healthcare provision, as seen in policy, guidelines and practice across many Western healthcare systems. Definitions of spirituality remain controversial, despite their importance for consistency in research and practice. This paper reports on the definition findings of a nation-wide New Zealand (NZ) study (2006–2008) that examined understandings, experiences and ways to improve spiritual care, primarily focused in hospices. A mixed methods approach included 52 semi-structured interviews and a survey of 642 patients, family members and staff from 25 (78%) of NZ's hospices. A generic qualitative design and analysis was used to capture the experiences and understandings of participants' spirituality and spiritual care and a cross-sectional survey gave sample-based information about the study's questions. Across both studies the majority view held that spirituality is a useful, important, inclusive and broadly defined concept. NZ is a secula...