Norms of certain functions of the Laplace operator on the $ax+b$ groups

The aim of this paper is to find new estimates for the norms of functions of the (minus) Laplace operator $\cal L$ on the `$ax+b$' groups. The central part is devoted to spectrally localized wave propagators, that is, functions of the type $\psi(\sqrt{\cal L})\exp(it \sqrt{\cal L})$, with $\psi\in C_0(\mathbb{R})$. We show that for $t\to+\infty$, the convolution kernel $k_t$ of this operator satisfies $$ \|k_t\|_1\asymp t, \qquad \|k_t\|_\infty\asymp 1, $$ so that the upper estimates of D. M\"uller and C. Thiele (Studia Math., 2007) are sharp. As a necessary component, we recall the Plancherel density of $\cal L$ and spend certain time presenting and comparing different approaches to its calculation. Using its explicit form, we estimate uniform norms of several functions of the shifted Laplace-Beltrami operator $\tilde\Delta$, closely related to $\cal L$. The functions include in particular $\exp(-t\tilde\Delta^\gamma)$, $t>0,\gamma>0$, and $(\tilde\Delta-z)^s$, with complex $z,s$.