Molecular characterization of four genes involved in sulfur metabolism in Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh

Sulfated polysaccharides (carrageenans and agars) are among the most important products of red algae that are used as food additives as well as in molecular biology research. The quality and value of the product is greatly dependent on the levels and sites of sulfation of the polysaccharides. Little information is currently available on the molecular details of sulfur metabolism in red algae. Considering the economic importance of sulfated polysaccharide, elucidating the molecular details of sulfur metabolism in these organisms could help in future endeavors to improve algal commercial value, e.g., through genetic engineering. A cDNA library from the red alga Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh was used to isolate four cDNAs with homology to genes encoding known sulfur assimilation enzymes: sulfate adenyltransferase (ATP sulfurylase), adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), sulfite reductase, and cysteine synthase. These cDNAs were characterized with respect to their molecular properties and a cDNA with homology to APSK was used to functionally complement an Escherichia coli auxotroph APSK− mutant. The other cDNAs are being similarly characterized with respect to their ability to produce functional enzymes. Elucidation of the regulation of expression of these genes will aid in future research to determine the biochemical and genetic details of the sulfate assimilation pathway as well as its genetic manipulation in red algae.