Comparison of the 22-gauge and 25-gauge needles for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Abstract Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive hilar mediastinal node sampling technique used for lung cancer staging and diagnosis of lesions. Besides the conventional 22-gauge (G) and 21G needles, a 25G needle is now available for this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 25G EBUS-TBNA needle. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA using both 22G and 25G aspiration needles from January 2017 through December 2017 at St. Marianna University School of Medicine. We identified 10 patients and compared the diagnostic yield and the sample volume for each needle. Results Six patients were diagnosed with lung cancer and four with sarcoidosis. Total diagnostic yield was 80% (8/10) for the 22G and 60% (6/10) for the 25G (P = 0.31). In patients with lung cancer, the diagnostic yield was 67% (4/6) for the 22G and 83% (5/6) for the 25G (P = 0.50). In patients with sarcoidosis, the diagnostic yield was 100% (4/4) for the 22G and 25% (1/4) for the 25G (P = 0.07). In patients with lung cancer, the median tissue area was comparable for each needle; however, in patients with sarcoidosis, the sample area was smaller for the 25G than for the 22G. We did not encounter any major complications or bleeding during EBUS-TBNA procedures. Conclusions Although histologic specimens obtained by the 25G needle are expected to be useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer, we found the 25G needle inadequate for diagnosing sarcoidosis due to insufficient sample size.