Mapa de l’espoli del patrimoni historicoartístic a Catalunya (1983-2015): aproximació quantitativa i qualitativa

EnglishThe plunder of cultural heritage has been and is one of the scourges of society without any doubt. The studies that treat this subject are few. Nevertheless, lately, more we are aware of it, more are publications on this subject. Despite that, studies that include quantitative data are still rare, therefore this article’s scope is to quantify the impact of the plunder of the Catalan cultural heritage and, to achieve that goal, we included an unexplored source: the data generated by the police tasks. Specifically, as the most objective and valuable sources, we included the police complaints, which, despite being inaccurate, certainly are one of the most available tools. We also integrated the qualitative sources such as interviews, the press, etc. that complement the information in some cases. Crossing and analyzing the data from both sources we were able to specify details such as the places the infractions most frequently occur, or the most common criminal types, etc. Consequently, we have obtained a numerical approximation of the historical and artistic plunder in Catalonia, as well as its territorial dispersion. We believe, this quantitative and territorial diagnosis of the phenomenon should contribute to open a social debate on what measures should be taken to ensure the more efficient heritage protection. catalaNo hi ha dubte que l’espoli del patrimoni cultural ha estat i es una de les xacres de la societat. Cada vegada pero, en som mes conscients, i de resultes apareixen mes publicacions que posen de manifest aquesta problematica. No obstant aixo, son escassos els estudis que inclouen dades quantitatives. En aquest article intentarem quantificar, en nombre, la repercussio de l’espoli del patrimoni cultural catala, i per tal d’assolir-ho recorrerem a una font practicament inexplorada: les dades que genera la tasca policial. Una de les fonts quantitatives mes objectives i de major qualitat son les denuncies policials, que tot i no estar exemptes d’imprecisions son, de ben segur, una de les eines que mes s’hi aproxima. En aquest sentit, hem incorporat fonts qualitatives com les entrevistes, la premsa, entre d'altres, per tal de complementar, i en alguns casos ampliar, els fets coneguts. El creuament i analisi de les dades d’ambdues fonts ens ha permes contextualitzar els atemptats contra el patrimoni: els llocs on es produeixen, els tipus penals mes habituals, etc. Aixo ens ha permes obtenir una aproximacio numerica de l’espoli historicoartistic a Catalunya, aixi com la seva dispersio territorial. Aquesta diagnosi quantitativa i territorial del fenomen pensem que hauria de contribuir a obrir un debat social sobre quines mesures s’haurien d’emprendre per garantir una proteccio del patrimoni mes eficient.