La desorientación de las mezquitas de Al-Andalus / The Disorientation Of The Mosques Of Al-Andalus

2017 
Los textos que hablan de la orientacion defectuosa de la mezquita principal de Qurtuba parecen ser exactos. Sin embargo, los datos arqueologicos no estan completamente verificados y contradicen lo que se ha convertido en un cliche. ?Por que la orientacion de las mezquitas de al-Andalus se mantuvo en la misma orientacion que el eje sagrado de Qurtuba, aunque se sabia que era incorrecto? Tenemos suficiente evidencia para defender como cierto el respeto a la tradicion, descrito generalmente en los textos clasicos. Sin embargo, este respeto por la tradicion tambien repre-sentaba el respeto a la dinastia y a su legitimidad. ?Fue siempre asi o hubo variaciones en las formas de orientacion con el pasar de los anos? ?Acaso la variacion del eje sagrado de la Kutubiyya de Marrakech, construida por el califa almohade Abd al-Mu'min, represento un cambio y desde entonces las mezquitas de al-Andalus se orientaron correctamente? ?Podemos utilizar la orientacion de las mezquitas andalusies no mencionadas por las fuentes escritas como elemento de clasificacion cronologica? ?Es posible hacerlo en el caso de la ampliacion almohade de la estudiada en la alcazaba de Badajoz? Palabras clave: Al-Andalus, arquitectura religiosa, mezquitas, orientacion de los edificios. Abstract The texts that speak of the defective orientation of the main mosque of Qurtuba seem to be correct. However, archaeological data are not completely verified and contradict what has become a cliche. Why did the orientation of al-Andalus mosques remain at the same orientation as the sacred axis of Qurtuba though it was known to be wrong? We have enough evidence to defend as true the respect for tradition generally described by classical texts. Nevertheless, this respect for tradition also represented respect to the dynasty and its legitimacy. Was it always so or were there variations in the forms of guidance over the years? Did the variation of the sacred axis of the Kutubiyya mosque in Marrakech, built by the Almohad caliph 'Abd al-Mu'min, represent a change and from then on al-Andalus mosques were oriented correctly? Can we use the orientation of andalusian mosques not mentioned by written sources in a chronological approach? It is also possible in the case of the almohad expansion of the mosque studied in the Alcazaba of Badajoz? Keywords: Al-Andalus, religious architecture, mosques, orientation of buildings.
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