Long-term dysglycemia as a risk factor for faster cognitive decline during aging: A 12-year follow-up study

Abstract Aims This longitudinal study evaluated associations between glucose metabolism and cognitive performance during a 12-year follow-up. Methods We included 714 subjects, which were followed from the age 55 to 70 years. Using oral glucose tolerance tests the population was classified as normoglycemic (NGT) and based on WHO diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes. Cognitive performance was assessed with a verbal fluency (category) test and wordlist learning tests of CERAD-nb, a verbal fluency (letter) test, and trail-making tests A and B. Results Compared to the normal group subjects with long-lasting prediabetes showed significantly greater decline (4.6 versus 2.9 words) on the verbal fluency (category) test (p = 0.041); subjects with long-lasting type 2 diabetes showed significantly greater decline (13 versus 6 s) on the trail making A test (p = 0.021) and on the wordlist learning test (3.3 versus 1.7 words) (p = 0.013); and a combined group of subjects with prediabetes or incident type 2 diabetes showed significantly greater cognitive decline (3.8 versus 2.9 words) in the verbal fluency (category) test (p = 0.039). Conclusion Prediabetes was associated with cognitive decline during aging. This finding should be incorporated into prevention strategies, because both type 2 diabetes and dementia are increasing world-wide.