AnisotropicThermoelectric Performance and Sustainable Thermal Stability in TexturedCa 3 Co 4 O 9 /Ag Nanocomposites

The Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) with layered structure has been considered as a potential candidate for high-temperature thermal energy harvesting application. However, CCO’s layered structure imparts anisotropy in transport properties, which results in anisotropic thermoelectric performance. So far, limited attempt has been made to understand the anisotropic thermoelectric performance of CCO, which often results in erroneous estimation of the thermoelectric response. Here, we fabricated highly textured CCO/x wt % Ag (x = 0, 1, 3, 5) nanoinclusion composites using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and systematically investigated correlation between microstructure and anisotropic thermoelectric properties. The thermoelectric response was measured along both in-plane and out-of-plane directions (perpendicular and parallel to the pressure axis). We developed a two-step SPS method to achieve enhanced degree of texturing and increased electrical conductivity along ab-planes. The addition of Ag nanoinclusions was f...