Watermarking Techniques for Three Dimensional (3D) Mesh Authentication in Spatial Domain

Due to lightning growth in multimedia processing technologies and frequent usage of Internet, media contents often get exposed to malicious interventions. Hence it is very important to verify the authenticity and integrity of the digital contents by using proper security mechanisms. Thanks to the advancement in computer graphics processing technologies due to which higher dimensional rendering of real life objects has become apparent. Lately, three dimensional (3D) representations are more preferred in different application domains for better visualization and understanding. While talking about security related to 3D models, digital watermarking has come out to be an effective and prominent solution among various other authentication mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to present an in-depth review and investigation of the authentication based watermarking techniques for 3D models in spatial domain. The methods are classified based on various attributes that effect the design and working of an authentication protocol. The study also discusses different types of geometrical attacks that may occur to a 3D model and methodologies that help in detecting and locating the attacks. The paper concludes with a set of remarks and some of the research issues and challenges which are needed to be studied further.