Experiment-Based Optimization of Flapping Wing Kinematics

Optimization of flapping wing trajectory was explored using an experimental apparatus. A scaled-up hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) wing was fabricated and mounted to a three-degree of freedom flapping mechanism. The vertical force generated during flapping was measured using a load cell and the wing path was optimized to maximize the average vertical force. The mechanism design, control, and instrumentation, and the optimization approach are explained. The optimization results, including wing trajectories, are presented and further research topics are discussed.