Characterization of metallic and ceramic high- temperature materials for energy systems by means of atomic spectroscopy

In nuclear and non-nuclear energy systems high temperature alloys and ceramics are used. The special physical requirements require that these materials be characterized very carefully usingmodern physio-chemical methods.Theproblems associated with surfaceanalysis, coatings, oxide layers and the growth mechanisms of protecting layers are discussed especially with respect to characterization and analysis. Techniques such as optical spectroscopy, X-ray fluoresence, SIMS, and others are considered with regard to the problems.