Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Nilotinib and Dasatinib Therapies in Newly Diagnosed Patients in the Chronic Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis

Treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the standard of care for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The new-generation TKIs, nilotinib and dasatinib, are found to have deeper and faster treatment response rates compared to imatinib in the first-line setting. However, a direct comparison between nilotinib and dasatinib has never been reported previously. Our study aims to compare the outcomes and molecular responses achieved following the first-line use of these two agents in patients with CML-CP. The database of the CML Cooperative Study Group was reviewed and patients with CML in the chronic phase (CP) who were given nilotinib or dasatinib as first-line therapy were identified. Out of 361 patients with CML-CP enrolled in our database, 58 and 63 had been treated with conventional doses of nilotinib (300 mg twice daily) and dasatinib (100 mg once daily), respectively, as first-line therapy. The patient demographics did not show significant differences between the groups. The event-free survival rates did not differ between these two groups. The major molecular response (MMR) and the deep molecular response (DMR) rates by 6, 12, 18, and 24 months did not differ between groups. Among the three scoring systems, only the Hasford score could predict the achievement of DMR, and all of them failed to predict the achievement of MMR in the entire cohort. Our data suggest that both nilotinib and dasatinib have comparable efficacies and promising outcomes.