Naphthalene nitration catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a naphthalene nitration catalyst as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The heteropolyacid loaded catalyst is prepared by adopting a zirconia/zeolite molecular sieve as a carrier and loading phosphotungstic acid or other heteropolyacids on the carrier by adopting an immersion method. 1,5-dinitronaphthalene and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene are prepared by catalyzing a liquid-phase nitration reaction by using naphthalene as a raw material and nitric acid under the action of the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by adopting the preparation method is simple inseparation after the reaction, and the separated nitric acid can be recycled, thus the defects of multiple mixed acid nitration side products, high requirement on equipment, and serious environment pollution of the traditional method are overcome.