The F-box protein Grr1 regulates the stability of Ccn1, Cln3 and Hof1 and cell morphogenesis in Candida albicans

Summary Both G1 and mitotic cyclins have been implicated in regulating Candida albicans filamentous growth. We have investigated the functions of Grr1 whose orthologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to mediate ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the G1 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2. Here, we report that deleting C. albicans GRR1 causes significant stabilization of two G1 cyclins Ccn1 and Cln3 and pseudohyphal growth. grr1Δ cells are highly heterogeneous in length and many of them fail to separate after cytokinesis. Interestingly, some isolated rod-like G1 cells of similar sizes are present in the grr1Δ culture. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that the rod-shaped G1 cells first grew exclusively in width before budding and then the bud grew exclusively by apical extension until after cytokinesis, yielding rod-like daughter cells. Consistently, actin patches persistently localize to the bud tip until around the time of cytokinesis. Despite the pseudohyphal phenotype, grr1Δ cells respond normally to hyphal induction. Hyperphosphorylated Cln3 isoforms accumulate in grr1Δ cells, indicating that Grr1 selectively mediates their degradation in wild-type cells. grr1Δ pseudohyphal growth requires neither Hgc1 nor Swel, two important regulators of cell morphogenesis. Furthermore, the cellular level of Hof1, a protein having a role in cytokinesis, is also significantly increased in grr1Δ cells.