Epidemiologia, badania przesiewowe i klasyfikacja zaawansowania klinicznego raka jelita grubego

In Poland in 2007, 14 244 new cases of colorectal cancer (C18–C20) were observed — 6352 in women and 7892 in men. Colorectal cancer was the third most common cancer (behind lung and breast cancer) and corresponded with 11.1% of all new cancer cases. Estimated incidence rate in Poland in 2008 was 49.3/100 000 per year in men and 25.7 in women, whereas mortality rate was 29.8 and 15.7, respectively. In European countries colorectal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm and corresponds with 13.6% of all new cancer cases. Estimated incidence rate in 2008 was 57.1/100 000 per year in men and 35.4 in women, whereas mortality rate was 26.8 and 16.6, respectively. European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommends faecal occult blood test repeated every 1–2 years as a screening method in men and women aged 50 years and more. It has been shown that such screening reduces mortality from colorectal cancer by 25%. In the newest, seventh edition of Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) colorectal cancer staging classification, inter alia T4 tumours are subdivided into T4a (penetration of the surface of the visceral peritoneum) and T4b (invasion of other organs). There is also a subdivision of N1 and N2 in respect of number of involved lymph nodes into N1a (1 node), N1b (2–3 nodes), N2a (4–6 nodes) and N2b (7 or more nodes). Five-year survival rate of patients with colon cancer diagnosed in Poland between 1995 and 1999 was 38.7% (mean in European countries 54.5%) and with rectal or anal cancer it was 38.9% (mean in European countries 53.2%). Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 6: 283–289