Phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of the extracts of Cassia nigricans Vahl: A review

Cassia species have been of keen interest in phytochemical and pharmacological research due to their excellent medicinal values. They are rich sources of polyphenols, anthraquinone derivatives, flavonoids and polysaccharides. Cassia nigricans Vahl is an important source of secondary metabolites, notably anthraquinone derivatives. The leaves of C. nigricans Vahl have been reported to contain pharmacologically active substances, including 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone (emodin), emodic acid, citreorosein, a flavonoid - luteolin, and hydroxyestranic acid, ethyl ester. C. nigricans Vahl is of high therapeutic value in gastro-intestinal disorders, including ulcers and diarrhoea, and skin diseases. It possesses antimicrobial, antiulcer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, contraceptive, antiplasmodial, insecticidal and larvicidal activities. The plant has the potential to be used in the management of agricultural pests. In conclusion, C. nigricans Vahl contains biologically active compounds that may serve as candidates for new drugs in the treatment and prevention of human and livestock diseases, and pest management.