Diffuse large B cell lymphoma-derived extracellular vesicles educate macrophages to promote tumours progression by increasing PGC-1β.

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) comprise an important part of the tumour microenvironment and play a key role in malignant tumours progression. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulated TAMs polarization and reprogrammed TAMs to influence the progression of various tumours. Here, we hypothesized that diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)-derived EVs can regulate macrophages polarization and thus contribute to tumour progression. Our results demonstrated that EVs, released from DLBCL, augment the M2 polarization effects of macrophages. Moreover, conditional medium derived from macrophages by DLBCL-derived EVs stimulation revealed the superior effects of promoting tumour proliferation, migration and invasion. Further analysis demonstrated that DLBCL-derived EVs regulated the metabolism of macrophages by increasing the expression of PGC-1beta protein, thereby reprogramming the macrophage phenotype of promoting tumour progression. In conclusion, our findings signify that the DLBCL-derived EVs mediated the increasing of functional PGC-1beta protein in macrophages to promote the tumour progression.