Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Derived Natural Coumarins and their Analogues as Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Type 1 (HIV-1) Agents

ABSTRACTThe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which leads to severe suppression of immune functions. AIDS is a real threat to the health of mankind, and the search for effective therapies is still of great importance. However, besides the high cost, there are adverse effects and limitations associated with chemotherapy applied. Thus, herbal medicines are frequently used as an alternative therapy by individuals living with HIV. Numerous plant-derived compounds have been evaluated for inhibitory effects on HIV replication, and many coumarins have been found to inhibit different steps in HIV replication cycle. The aim of this review is to summarize research findings for herbal medicines, especially coumarins, which are endowed with the ability to inhibit HIV.