Results of the Conversion to Everolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients With Posttransplantation Malignancies

Abstract Management of posttransplantation malignancies should include control of the neoplasia and preservation of renal function. Conversion to everolimus (EVL) would potentially have both effects. Twenty-one patients were converted to EVL due to posttransplantation neoplasms. We have presented herein descriptive data and postconversion (PC) outcomes among subjects of mean age 53.6 ± 10.1 years (range, 36–69), 57.1% were males, undergoing conversion at 108.2 ± 74.7 (range, 5–316) months after transplantation. All patients received standard immunosuppressive therapy and 9.5% had been induced with thymoglobulin. Malignant neoplasms were as follows: skin (n = 7), gynecological (n = 3), gastrointestinal (n = 3), PTLD (n = 2), renal (n = 2), CNS (n = 1), seminoma (n = 1), Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 1), and prostate cancer (n = 1). PC to EVL, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were discontinued in 18 of 19 patients, mycophenolate in 9/12, and azathioprine in 5/7; all patients continued to receive steroids. In 16 patients (79%) tumors were removed. Chemotherapy was performed in 2 patients with PTLD and radiotherapy was performed in 1 patient with prostate cancer. Mean follow-up was 505 days (range, 59–1151); baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 53.5 ± 21.6 mL/min versus 48.5 ± 25.7 mL/min ( P = not significant [NS]) at the last control. One patient experienced graft loss at day 744 after conversion due to chronic rejection. Adverse events were observed in 57% of patients and 28% displayed infections; no patient discontinued EVL. There were 2 deaths: 1 due to an infection and the other due to postsurgical complication. No deaths due to cancer progression were observed. The results observed in this series suggested that conversion to EVL for a posttransplantation neoplasm is a valid therapeutic alternative to preserve graft function and control disease progression.