Prematuros moderados y tardíos, un grupo de riesgo de menor desarrollo cognitivo en los primeros años de vida

Introduction: Recent studies show that moderately and late preterm infants (MLI) (Gestational age (GA) 32 to 36(6)), are in high risk for delayed psychomotor development (PMD) and learning disabilities. Objective: To compare PMD between MLI and full term infants (FTI) and to analyze associated perinatal risk factors. Methodology: 131 MLI and 119 FTI were recruited between May 2008 and April 2011 in a private health center in Santiago, Chile. Both groups were compared according to age, gender and socio-economic level. At the ages of 8, 18 and 30 months the children were evaluated by means of the Bayley III Scale for Infantile Development 3rd edition (BAYLEY-III). PMD was compared in both groups and multiple lineal regression analysis was performed. Results: MLI showed a significantly lower development coefficient, but it matched the FTI when corrected by GA, (99 +/- 10.4 versus 100.8 +/- 9.9). Even with corrected GA, the cognitive performance was lower (98 +/- 10.4 vs 103.1 +/- 11.4 p Introduccion: Estudios recientes refieren que los prematuros moderados y tardios (PMT) (Edad Gestacional (EG) 32 a 36(6)), presentan un elevado riesgo de retraso del desarrollo psicomotor (DSM) y dificultades de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Comparar el DSM entre ninos nacidos PMT y recien nacidos de termino (RNT) y analizar los factores de riesgo perinatal asociados. Metodologia: En un centro de salud de Santiago de Chile, entre mayo 2008 y abril 2011, se reclutaron 131 PMT y 119 RNT, pareados por edad, genero y nivel socioeconomico. A los 8, 18 o 30 meses se les aplico la Escala de Bayley III de Desarrollo Infantil-3a edicion. Se comparo el DSM entre los dos grupos y se implemento una regresion lineal multiple. Resultados: Los PMT presentaron un coeficiente de desarrollo significativamente inferior al no corregir EG, equiparandose con los RNT al corregirla (99 +/- 10,4 vs 100,8 +/- 9,9). Aun con EG corregida, el desempeno cognitivo fue inferior (98 +/- 10,4 vs 103,1 +/- 11,4 p