Method for preparing porous carbon spheres doped with nitrogen and phosphorus and application

The invention belongs to the technical fields of inorganic material chemistry and new energy, and discloses a method for preparing porous carbon spheres doped with nitrogen and phosphorus and an application. Water serves as a solvent, polyphosphazenes microspheres and activating agents are mixed in a mass ratio of (0.2-2):1, concentration of the polyphosphazenes microspheres is maintained at a level of 10-30wt%, stirring is performed completely, the mixture of the polyphosphazenes microspheres and the activating agents is obtained through centrifugal separation, the mixture of the polyphosphazenes microspheres and the activating agents is subjected to carbonization, and finally the porous carbon spheres doped with the nitrogen and the phosphorus are obtained. The activating agents are potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride or zinc chloride. The polyphosphazenes microspheres serve as a carbon precursor in the method, are synthesized directly under the room temperature condition, and has a simple art process and high productivity. Simultaneously, the activating agents are used for processing polyphosphazenes so as to improve specific surface areas and pore structures of the porous carbon spheres greatly and be beneficial to improve hydrogen storage capacity.