Effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZK60 alloy

Abstract Mg-Zn-Zr (ZK) alloys exhibit notably high mechanical strength amongst all magnesium alloy grades. However, due to the formation of low melting point Mg3Zn7-precipitates, these alloys are susceptible to hot cracking, thus compromising their metallurgical processing. The addition of rare earths to ZK alloys is an alternative to form higher melting point intermetallic compounds, speed up dynamic recrystallization, refine grain size, enhance corrosion resistance and extend the service temperature due to improved creep resistance. This work deals with the effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the hot rolling behaviour of as-cast ZK60 alloy. The microstructure investigation conducted using electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction shows that precipitation of Mg7Zn3 intermetallics occur during hot rolling, whereas no further precipitation is observed for the ZK60-Mm alloys. The fragmentation of the intermetallic compounds occur during hot rolling and finer particles of Mg7Zn3 are observed for the ZK60, whereas Mg7Zn3 and MgZn2Ce intermetallics are formed in the alloy modified with mischmetal addition. A higher fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains is observed for the ZK60-Mm in comparison to the ZK60. Continuous recrystallization takes place in ZK60 with the formation of sub-grains near to the intermetallics and the addition of mischmetal promotes the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization with the nucleation of new grains close to the precipitates. The mechanical strength and, in particular, the ductility of the hot-rolled alloys are notably improved when compared to the same alloys in the as-cast condition. The mechanical strength is, however, higher for the ZK60 alloy. Less solid solution strengthening, softer MgZn2Ce intermetallics and more extensive recrystallization contribute to reduce the mechanical strength of ZK60-Mm. Failure in both alloys are initiated at coarse intermetallics and propagate through intermetallic-rich regions.