Flexible ureterorenoscopy: State of the art and practical guide of tips and tricks

Abstract Flexible ureterorenoscopy is increasingly used as a first-line treatment for patients with renal lithiasis and proximal ureteral calculi, with varying success rates among different groups of authors and with great heterogeneity in defining the minimum size to assess stone-free rate. The article presents a literature review on the state of the art in flexible ureterorenoscopy, as well as it clarifies different concepts, while offering tips and tricks that have been implemented in a reference center for the management of urolithiasis, aiming to reduce complications, while improving stone-free rate and the performance of the procedure for urologists.