Oclusão e periodontia: uma análise crítica da literatura Occlusion and periodontics: a critical literature review

Introduction: Occlusal trauma is defined as an injury resulting in tissues changes within the attachment apparatus as result of occlusal force(s). Since 1901, when Karolyi reported a possible interaction between occlusal disharmony and periodontal alterations, several studies have tried to find scientific evidence that corroborates or not this interrelationship. Objective and literature review: In this paper, the authors review the studies that have analyzed traumatic occlusion as a presumed aggravating factor in periodontal disease, as well as those suggesting possible advantages with the concomitant use of occlusal and periodontal therapies. Even though there are still many doubts to be clarified in order to completely understand the effects of occlusal forces on the periodontium, it is well known that a functional occlusion is fundamental for the equilibrium of the diverse components of the stomatognathic system, including the periodontal tissues. Conclusion: An occlusal adjustment should be done, whenever it is indicated, as a routine procedure during periodontal treatment. Furthermore, it is evident that additional studies, with more precise and reproducible methodology, are needed in order to clarify the interaction between the occlusion with the periodontal tissues.