Ivermectin Acts as a Posteclosion Nymphicide by Reducing Blood Feeding of Human Head Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae) That Hatched From Treated Eggs

ABSTRACT The 0.5% ivermectin topical cream formulation was not directly ovicidal to treated eggs of head lice, as hatchability was not decreased. Nevertheless, the percent of hatched lice from treated eggs that took a blood meal significantly decreased (80–95%) compared with lice that hatched from untreated eggs and all treated lice died within 48 h of hatching, including those that fed. Dilutions of ivermectin formulation of 0.15 and 0.2 µg/ml, which were topically applied to 0–8 d old eggs, were not lethal to lice at 24 h posteclosion. However, 9 and 16% less lice fed when hatched from these treated eggs, respectively. Total [3H] inulin ingested by untreated first instars significantly increased over a 48 h feeding interval but was significantly less in instars that hatched from eggs receiving the 0.15 (36% less) and 0.2 (55% less) µg/ml ivermectin treatments compared with placebo. The reduced feeding that occurred after the 0.15 and 0.2 µg/ml ivermectin treatments occurred in the absence of mortality a...