Fabrication of cylindrical 3D cellulose nanofibril(CNF) aerogel for continuous removal of copper(Cu2+) from wastewater.

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in wastewater is a serious problem due to its high toxicity. In this study, three-dimensional porous and flexible polyethylene imine grafted cellulose nanofibril aerogel(PEI@CNF aerogel) is synthesized as a highly efficient biosorbent for continuous treatment of wastewater containing copper(Cu2+). The synthesized PEI@CNF aerogel efficiently separates Cu2+ from wastewater and exhibits outstanding selectivity for Cu2+ in the presence of other metal ions. The amine groups in polyethylene imine(PEI) grafted onto the porous cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs) scaffold form chelates with Cu2+ thereby effectively adsorbing Cu2+. The combination of a flexible CNF scaffold and rigid PEI results in a durable elastic matrix of the aerogel providing excellent wet stability, shape recovery property and recycle ability of PEI@CNF aerogel. Finally, in the column test, the PEI@CNF aerogel treats 88 bed volumes of wastewater containing Cu2+(∼20 mg/L). This result demonstrates that PEI@CNF aerogels are practically viable and highly efficient bio-sorbents for the treatment of wastewater containing Cu2+.