Hematoma of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine: report of two cases and possible role of the transforming growth factor beta-vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in its pathogenesis

Intraspinal hematoma is an uncommon cause of neural compression [1]. Among these hematomas, those in the thoracic ligamentum flavum (LF) are by far the rarest and can generate thoracic myelopathy [2]. This report describes two cases of exceptionally rare ligamentum flavum hematoma (LFH) in the thoracic lesion of patients with subacute onset myelopathy and shows the possible role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling axis in its pathogenesis.