Variación de compuestos fenólicos totales, flavonoides y taninos en "Vanilla planifolia" Jacks. ex Andrews de la Huasteca Hidalguense, México

espanolLos fitoquimicos o metabolitos secundarios pueden ser compuestos bioactivos, con peso molecular bajo, que generalmente protegen a la planta contra plagas, bacterias, estres ambiental, radiacion UV u otros factores. En vainilla ( Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) se sintetizan compuestos que muestran inhibicion microbiana contra fitopatogenos; pero, el tipo de fitoquimicos en las estructuras vegetales de esta especie es poco conocido. Bajo la hipotesis de que el tipo y concentracion de fitoquimicos varia de acuerdo con el tejido vegetal y el sitio de recolecta de la planta, el objetivo del estudio fue detectar el tipo de fitoquimicos y cuantificar la concentracion de compuestos fenolicos totales (CFT), taninos totales (TT), taninos condensados (TC) y flavonoides (Flav) en hoja, tallo, flor y fruto (vaina) beneficiado de vainilla, de tres sitios (Huizotlaco, Coacuilco y Contepec) de la Huasteca Hidalguense de Mexico. Los diferentes tipos de metabolitos se identificaron en los extractos de metanol, cloroformo y hexano mediante cromatografia en capa fina (CCF). CFT, TT, TC y Flav se cuantificaron en los extractos metanolicos de las cuatro estructuras vegetales mediante metodos espectrofotometricos. CCF mostro la presencia de Flav, saponinas y terpenoides. La vaina presento la concentracion mayor de CFT (749.608 mg 100 g1 ) y TT (102.141 mg 100 g1 ) y la hoja tuvo la concentracion mayor de Flav (127.023 mg 100 g1 ) y taninos condensados (40.992 mg 100 g1 ). Entre los sitios de recolecta, Coacuilco destaco la concentracion mayor de Flav y TT y Contepec por la concentracion mayor de CFT y TC. EnglishPhytochemicals or secondary metabolites can be bioactive compounds, with a low molecular weight, which generally protect the plant against pests, bacteria, environmental stress, UV radiation, or other factors. In vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) compounds are synthesized that show microbial inhibition against phytopathogens; however, the type of phytochemicals in the vegetative structures of this species is scarcely known. Under the hypothesis that the type and concentration of phytochemicals varies according to the plant tissue and the site of plant collection, the objective of the study was to detect the type of phytochemicals and to quantify the concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total tannins (TT), condensed tannins (CT) and flavonoids (Flav) in leaf, stem, flower and cured fruit (pod) from vanilla, from three sites (Huizotlaco, Coacuilco and Contepec) of the Huasteca Hidalguense in Mexico. The different types of metabolites were identified in methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts through thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TPC, TT, CT and Flav were quantified in the methanol extracts of the four vegetative structures through spectrophotometric methods. TLC showed the presence of Flav, saponins and terpenoids. The pod presented the highest concentration of TPC (749.608 mg 100 g1 ) and TT (102.141 mg 100 g1 ), and the leaf had the highest concentration of Flav (127.023 mg 100 g1 ) and condensed tannins (40.992 mg 100 g1 ). Among the collection sites, Coacuilco stood out for the highest concentration of Flav and TT, and Contepec for the highest concentration of TPC and CT.