Design of tundish ladle lining on the basis of thermal and hydraulic modeling

A structure for the lining of a tundish ladle made from domestic refractory materials is suggested in which the heat loss is less than in linings from imported materials. The hydrodynamics of the liquid pool depends on the ladle profile and the structure of the interstrand partitions. The best results (absence of stagnation pockets along the ladle length) are obtained when the partitions height varies betweenH/3 andH/7 from the second to the fourth partition and the partitions are arranged at 1/4 of the interaxial distance to the strand behind the partition.