Addition of instrumented fusion after posterior decompression surgery suppresses thickening of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine

Abstract Laminoplasty (LMP) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine. Progression of OPLL can occur in the long term after LMP. The aim of the present study was to determine whether addition of the instrumented fusion, (posterior decompression with instrumented fusion [PDF]), can suppress progression of OPLL or not. The present study included 50 patients who underwent LMP (n = 23) or PDF (n = 27) for OPLL of the cervical spine. We performed open door laminoplasty. PDF surgery was performed by double-door laminoplasty followed by instrumented fusion. We observed the non-ossified segment of the OPLL and measured the thickness of the OPLL at the thickest segment with pre- and postoperative sagittal CT multi-planar reconstruction images. Postoperative CT scan revealed fusion of the non-ossified segment of the OPLL was obtained in 4/23 patients (17%) in the LPM group and in 23/27 patients (85%) in the PDF group, showing a significant difference between both groups ( p  = 0.003). Progression of the thickness of the OPLL in the PDF group (−0.1 ± 0.4 mm) was significantly smaller than in the LMP group (0.6 ± 0.7 mm, p  = 0.0002). The proportion of patients showing the decrease in thickness of OPLL was significantly larger in the PDF group (6/27 patients; 22%) than in the LMP group (0/23 patients; 0%, p  = 0.05). In conclusion, PDF surgery can suppress the thickening of OPLL.