Percutaneous coronary intervention increases leptin and decreases adiponectin levels

Summary Objective  The study was designed to examine the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on adiponectin and leptin levels. We have previously demonstrated that PCI triggers a systemic inflammatory response. We hypothesized that inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome by modulating levels of adiponectin and leptin. Design  Prospective study in which inflammation was induced by PCI. Patients  Forty-eight patients with stable coronary artery disease and without diabetes mellitus. Measurements  High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and 48 h after the procedure. Results  Following PCI, hs-CRP increased by 211%, IL-6 by 87% and leptin by 19%, while adiponectin decreased by 14% (P < 0·001 for all). The change in IL-6 correlated with that in hs-CRP (rho = 0·32; P = 0·027), as did the changes in IL-6 and leptin (rho = 0·31; P = 0·03). The change in adiponectin, however, did not correlate with the change in any of the other markers. Conclusion  This study demonstrates that PCI affects the levels of adiponectin and leptin within 48 h. These effects may be secondary to the inflammatory response triggered by PCI.