Effect of Toluene-d8 on the Hydrogenation of 1,3-Hexadiene over a Pd/Silica CatalystPromoter and Poison

The hydrogenation of 1,3-hexadiene over a Pd/silica catalyst has been investigated using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. This study shows that the presence of an organic species on the surface of the catalyst can have a marked effect on the rate of hydrogenation of 1,3-hexadiene. Toluene-d8 was coadsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and, depending on the order of introduction of the reactants to the system, has been shown to act as either a promoter or a poison for the hydrogenation of the diene. Introduction of the toluene-d8 prior to the diene has a promoting effect with the toluene-d8 acting as a H-transfer agent. When the toluene-d8 is introduced after the diene it acts as a poison, blocking active sites and covering the surface. The ability of toluene-d8 to act as a promoter or poison appears to be dependent on the availability of active sites at the time of its introduction to the reaction system. To act as a promoter, or H-transfer agent, the toluene-d8 must first be able to form σ bonds to the surfa...