The Role of Perfectionism in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a highly invalidating condition characterized by severe and prolonged fatigue. Clinicians and researchers have long theorized a connection between perfectionism and chronic fatigue. This chapter provides an overview of research examining the role of perfectionism in CFS. Along with a brief description of the concept of CFS, we present a working model of chronic fatigue suggesting that self-critical or maladaptive perfectionism is one of the key factors that may contribute to chronic stress and subsequent neurobiological alterations in at least a subgroup of CFS patients. We then review studies suggesting that self-critical perfectionism (SCP) is involved in the development and maintenance of chronic fatigue. We also discuss the mechanisms that may explain the link between perfectionism and chronic fatigue. This is followed by a closer look at the developmental origins of perfectionism in CFS. Finally, the last section of this chapter addresses the clinical implications of these findings.