Impact of bias potential and layer arrangement on thermal stability of arc evaporated Al-Cr-N coatings

Abstract Cathodic arc evaporated homogenously grown as well as multilayered Al x Cr 1 − x N coatings were prepared using Al x Cr 1 − x targets with compositions of x = 0.7, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.9 and bias potentials of − 40, − 80, and − 120 V. The mechanical properties of the as deposited coatings can be significantly increased by increasing the applied bias potential, but the thermal stability, with respect to phase decomposition and Cr N dissociation to cubic Cr under N 2 -release, is reduced. The built-in defect density, intermixing of individual higher and lower Al-containing layers, and especially the fraction of phase boundaries within multi-phased coatings are extremely influenced by the bias potential. Due to the reduced thermal stability, the hardness gain by increasing the bias potential is already lost for T a  ≥ 600 °C in (as deposited) single-phase cubic structured coatings. Therefore, the Al 0·7 Cr 0.3 N coatings prepared with − 40 V outperform their − 120 V bias counterparts in hardness already for T a  ≥ 600 °C. This is different for the multilayer coatings comprising cubic and hexagonal wurtzite type phases. Although, the thermal stability with respect to structural changes is also reduced with increasing bias, their mechanical properties are less influenced by the annealing treatment. Especially the Al 0·75 Cr 0.25 N/Al 0·9 Cr 0.1 N multilayers exhibit excellent hardness values of 30 ± 3 GPa over the entire annealing temperature range up to 1100 °C, when prepared with − 120 V bias. Here, the increased bias during deposition leads to dense coatings and the arrangement with high Al-containing layers provides an improved resistance against decomposition and Cr N dissociation.