Rcompadre and Rage - two R packages to facilitate the use of the COMPADRE and COMADRE databases and calculation of life history traits from matrix population models

Matrix population models (MPMs) are an important tool in the arsenal of biologists seeking to understand the causes and consequences of variation in vital rates (e.g. survival, reproduction) across life cycles. MPMs describe the age- or stage-structured demography of organisms and represent the life history of a population during a particular time frame at a specific geographic location. The COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and COMADRE Animal Matrix Database are the most extensive resources for MPM data, collectively containing >12,000 MPMs for >1,100 species globally. Although these databases represent an unparalleled resource for researchers, land managers, and educators, the current computational tools available to answer questions with MPMs impose significant barriers to potential users by requiring advanced knowledge to handle diverse data structures and program custom analysis functions. To close this knowledge gap, we present two R packages designed to (i) facilitate the use of these databases by providing functions to acquire, check, and manage the MPM data contained in COMPADRE and COMADRE (Rcompadre), and (ii) expand the range of life history traits that can be calculated from MPMs in support of ecological and evolutionary analyses (Rage). We provide vignettes to illustrate the use of both Rcompadre and Rage. Rcompadre and Rage will facilitate demographic analyses using MPM data and contribute to the improved replicability of studies using these data. We hope that this new functionality will allow researchers, land managers, and educators to unlock the potential behind the thousands of MPMs and ancillary metadata stored in the COMPADRE and COMADRE matrix databases.