Thymosin alpha 1 mitigates cytokine storm in blood cells from COVID-19 patients

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by immune-mediated lung injury and complex alterations of the immune system, such as lymphopenia and cytokine storm, that have been associated with adverse outcomes underlining a fundamental role of host response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and the pathogenesis of the disease Thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) is one of the molecules used in the management of COVID-19, because it is known to restore the homeostasis of the immune system during infections and cancer Methods: In this study, we captured the interconnected biological processes regulated by Talpha1 in CD8+ T cells under inflammatory conditions Results: Genes associated with cytokine signaling and production were upregulated in blood cells from patients with COVID-19, and the ex vivo treatment with Talpha1-mitigated cytokine expression, and inhibited lymphocyte activation in a CD8+ T-cell subset specifically Conclusion: These data suggest the potential role of Talpha1 in modulating the immune response homeostasis and the cytokine storm in vivo