Investigating the efficiency of α-Bismuth zinc oxide heterostructure composite/UV-LED in methylene blue dye removal and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity.

Abstract Heterostructured α-Bismuth zinc oxide (α-Bi2O3–ZnO) photocatalyst was fabricated by a facile and cost-effective, ultrasound assisted chemical precipitation method followed by hydrothermal growth technique. As synthesized α-Bi2O3–ZnO photocatalyst showed enhanced photocatalytic performance for the MB dye degradation in contrast to pure ZnO and α-Bi2O3. Light emitting diodes (UV-LED) were used in the experimental setup, which has several advantages over conventional lamps like wavelength selectivity, high efficacy, less power consumption, long lifespan, no disposal problem, no warming-up time, compactness, easy and economic installation. XRD study confirmed the presence of both the lattice phases i.e. monoclinic and hexagonal wurtzite phase corresponding to α-Bi2O3 and ZnO in the α-Bi2O3–ZnO composite photocatalyst. FESEM images showed that α-Bi2O3–ZnO photocatalyst is composed of dumbbell like structures of ZnO with breadth ranging 4–5 μm and length ranging from 10 to 11 μm respectively. It was observed that α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles were attached on the ZnO surface and were in contact with each other. Low recombination rate of photo-induced electron-hole pairs, due to the migration of electrons and holes between the photocatalyst could be responsible for the 100% photocatalytic efficiency of α-Bi2O3–ZnO composite. In addition, photocatalyst was also observed to show the excellent antimicrobial activity with 1.5 cm zone of inhibition for 1 mg L−1 dose, against the human pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus).