Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal) Block/Injections

One of the first descriptions of access to the lumbar epidural space was described by Pages in 1921. Anesthesia through a caudal route had been reported much earlier, but his was the first to describe a method for accessing the lumbar epidural space. Since then, various epidural injection techniques have been developed, and there have been dramatic increases in their use, not only for acute and labor pain but for chronic pain as well. The loss of resistance technique was described as the "hanging drop" technique. Soon after corticosteroids were introduced in the mid-twentieth century, physicians started using them in the epidural space.