Effects of eco-policy on Kuwait based upon data envelope analysis

The eco-protection policy of Kuwait, located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf, has greatly influenced the desertification and marine environment conservation. The aims of this study are to evaluate the eco-policy structure of Kuwait and characterize the policy changes from sustaining economic growth to sustainable development. The data envelope analysis method is used to evaluate the effects of this eco-policy. The results reveal that the eco-efficiency is relatively poor, but the eco-policy induced positive effects. Economic development is not the only factor that has a considerable influence on the effectiveness of the eco-policy. This study represents the first quantitative analysis of the effects of eco-policy on Kuwait. At this time of economic instability in Kuwait, the study is a reminder to eco-policy makers to ensure balanced social, ecological, and economic benefits. This study is a reference for future policy researchers and policymakers for formulating the next phase of eco-environmental policies in Kuwait and other Gulf states, and for international cooperation in eco-environmental policies.