Mineralogical and isotope-geochemical (δ13C, δ34S and Pb-Pb) characteristics of the Krasniy gold mine (Baikal-Patom Highlands): Constraining ore-forming mechanisms and the model for Sukhoi Log-type deposits

Abstract Orogenic gold deposits localized in carbonaceous sedimentary (black-shale) complexes are major contributors to worldwide balance of gold extracted from the crust, though there is a limited consensus about the role of host sedimentary rocks, involvement of external (i.e., magma-derived) fluids and brittle deformations into ore remobilization and transport. This paper presents the original results of mineralogical, petrographic and isotope-geochemical studies of rocks and ores from the large Krasniy gold deposit (Baikal-Patom plateau, southern Siberian craton) given in comparison with the thoroughly studied giant Sukhoi Log deposit, with both deposits hosted by the Neoproterozoic carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks. The multi-stage ore process occurred discretely at 200–400 °C (greenschist-facies metamorphism) and included (1) low-P-T diagenetic formation of globular pyrite, (2) catagenetic (