Anonymity Online for Everyone: What Is Missing for Zero-Effort Privacy on the Internet?

Privacy is difficult to protect on the Internet, because surveillance is ubiquitous. Researchers have conceived many different countermeasures. However, these solutions have so far failed to find widespread adoption due to poor performance and usability. What is missing is an Internet access that offers a decent level of privacy for average users out of the box. In this paper, we survey suitable lightweight anonymity solutions and present avenues for future research so that Internet service providers can offer anonymity online without compromising performance and usability, i.e. an effortless solution for customers.