Recombinant Baculovirus as a Highly Potent Vector for Gene Therapy of Human Colorectal Carcinoma: Molecular Cloning, Expression, and In Vitro Characterization

Present therapeutic strategies for most cancers are restricted mainly to the primary tumors and are also not very effective in controlling metastatic states. Alternatively, gene therapy can be a potential option for treating such cancers. Currently mammalian viral-based cancer gene therapy is the most popular approach, but the efficacy has been shown to be quite low in clinical trials. In this study, for the first time, the insect cell-specific baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been evaluated as a vector for gene delivery to colorectal cancer cells. Experiments involving factorial design were employed to study the individual and combined effects of different parameters such as multiplicity of infection (MOI), viral incubation time and epigenetic factors on transduction efficiency. The results demonstrate that baculovirus gene delivery system holds immense potential for development of a new generation of highly effective virotherapy for colorectal, as well as other major carcinomas (breast, pancreas, and brain), and offers significant benefits to traditional animal virus-based vectors with respect to safety concerns.