Anomalies of Pulmonary Venous Connections Including Cor Triatriatum and Stenosis of Individual Pulmonary Veins

Mother Nature’s blueprint for the developmental strategy of the pulmonary venous connections can be seen in the innumerable patterns of so-called anomalous pulmonary venous terminations in the human. Because most of the so-called patterns of total anomalous pulmonary venous connections in fact represent persistence of normal fetal connections that should have, but did not involute, it has been argued, and perhaps appropriately so, that these connections are not anomalous at all, nor are they pulmonary [22].