Changes of Trees Regeneration Diversity in Main and Secondary Roads of Hyrcanian Forests, Iran

Forest roads are directions in natural habitats that used to transport wood products, secondary forest products and recreation. Constructing forest roads is one of the factors in ecological changes can affect tree regeneration diversity and species composition. This study assessed trees regeneration diversity from main and secondary forest roads edge to forest interior. Sixteen transects were considered in main and secondary forest roads (8 transects in main and 8 transects in secondary roads). Nine plots (5×20 m) established in distances 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 100 m in both sides of the roads (down and fill slopes). To evaluate diversity of trees regeneration, Simpson diversity index and Margalef richness were used. Results showed that diversity indices significantly different in main and secondary forest roads and different distances. Trees regeneration increase in forest interior in both roads. Minimizing road density is essential to preserve diversity and sustainability of forest resources. Results suggest the necessity of using environmentally sound forest road construction principles and techniques to mitigate negative environmental impacts.