Full Broadband Processing Including Total Q Compensation

We present a broadband processing workflow that is purely data driven and applicable to conventional towed and variable depth towed marine streamer data. Three important ingredients of our workflow are highlighted: (1) deghosting; (2) Q-Tomography; (3) prestack depth Q migration (Q-PSDM). For the first component, 3D deghosting method that can handle the spatial aliasing issue in the crossline direction is applied. For Q-Tomography, two schemes are employed to address background and anomalous Q effects separately. Background Q estimation involves adaptively extracting dissipation time information from the change of spectral features of the seismic data; whereas, anomalous Q estimation makes use of the amplitude ratio between affected and unaffected areas for tomographic inversion to obtain the Q field due to gas. For Q-PSDM, the estimated Q fields are used in the migration process to compensate for the frequency dependent dissipation effects. We apply our workflow on a field data example with a unique geological complexity that has been affecting the exploration and production activities in the region for the past few decades, and demonstrate its capability of attenuating the ghost and recovering the loss in frequency bandwidth caused by attenuation due to the subsurface.