Two Cases of Leprosy in Siblings Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Review of the Literature

Abstract We describe two leprosy cases in Mexican siblings caused by a new species Mycobacterium lepromatosis. This is likely the first report of family clustering of this infection. The patients showed severe prolonged leprosy reactions after antimicrobial treatment, raising a challenge for clinical management. The current status of M. lepromatosis infection is reviewed.