Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent H 2 O 2 ‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via SIRT 1 activation in embryonic kidney cells

Grape proanthocyanidins are compounds widely ingested in the diet. This study evaluated their effects on mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and sirtuin 1 and 3 expressions in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2 O2 . High-resolution mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography characterized the proanthocyanidins extract and the presence of procyanidins B and C was detected. The extract prevented H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids and depletion in superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, it was able to regulate the expression of NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7 and prevent mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction, ATP depletion, and apoptosis induced by H2 O2 . Finally, the extract was able to regulate sirtuin 1 and 3 expressions, thus maintaining cell viability. These data show that the grape seed proanthocyanidins can target mitochondrial proteins, which may represent an important approach for the management of numerous chronic illnesses associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Proanthocyanidins are phenolic compounds abundant in regular diet, commonly found in grapes and derivatives, pomegranates, apples, and red fruits, all foods known for their beneficial effects on health. The current study highlights the role of proanthocyanidins as mitochondrial modulators that may explain the biological activity attributed to these compounds. This study brings evidence that proanthocyanidins might be considered as a value-added agent for the development of new nutraceutical and or pharmaceutical approaches.